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Geology 101 is the study of the Earth and its materials, structures, processes, and history. It is a broad field that encompasses many different disciplines, including mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and geophysics. Geologists study the Earth’s physical features, including its rocks, ...
What is VMS? Assemblages of mostly sulfide minerals that develop on the seafloor at locations of concentrated hydrothermal discharge, relates to a kind of ore deposit that’s mined from existing oceanic crust formed underwater are Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides (VMS) Deposit. ...
Dolerite is a type of igneous rock that forms through the cooling and solidification of magma. It is a dark-colored rock that typically contains plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and amphibole minerals. The name “dolerite” comes from the Greek words “dolos” meaning ...
Introduction: Sedimentary Exhalative (SEDEX) deposits stand as intriguing geological formations, offering a glimpse into the subaqueous processes that shape the Earth’s crust. These deposits, characterized by the accumulation of minerals in marine sedimentary basins, play a significant role in the ...
Skarn Deposits: Unraveling the Geological Marvel Skarn deposits, also known as skarns, represent a fascinating geological phenomenon formed through the interaction of hot fluids from intrusive igneous bodies with carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the various ...
Hydrology is the scientific study of water in the Earth’s atmosphere, on and below the surface, and in the soil. It encompasses the movement, distribution, and quality of water across various reservoirs, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, glaciers, and the ...
Geological Time Scale The geological time scale is a system of chronological measurement that relates geological events and geological time to a numerical scale. It is used to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred throughout Earth’s ...
When we think about tunneling, we often picture massive machines and skilled laborers hard at work underground. While these elements are undoubtedly essential, there’s an unsung hero behind every successful tunneling project: the geologist. In this article, we’ll explore the ...
There are several sampling techniques used in mineral exploration and mining, depending on the nature and characteristics of the deposit. Some of the most common techniques include: Ultimately, the choice of sampling technique will depend on the specific objectives of ...
What the meaning of Bauxite ? Bauxite is the most important aluminum ore. This type of rock consists mainly of the minerals gypsite Al(OH)3, bohemite γ-AlO(OH), anddiaspore α-AlO(OH) in a mixture that usually includes iron oxide goethite,hematite,the clay mineral kaolin, ...
The physical and engineering properties of rock can vary widely depending on factors such as composition, structure, porosity, and moisture content. Some key properties include: 1. **Density**: The mass per unit volume of the rock. It's typically measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilRead more
The physical and engineering properties of rock can vary widely depending on factors such as composition, structure, porosity, and moisture content. Some key properties include:
1. **Density**: The mass per unit volume of the rock. It’s typically measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).
2. **Porosity**: The percentage of void spaces (pores) within the rock. It affects the rock’s ability to hold fluids and can influence its strength and durability.
3. **Permeability**: The ability of fluids to flow through the rock. It depends on factors such as pore size, connectivity, and fluid viscosity.
4. **Compressive Strength**: The ability of the rock to withstand axial loads without failure. It’s typically measured in units of pressure, such as megapascals (MPa) or pounds per square inch (psi).
5. **Tensile Strength**: The ability of the rock to withstand tension forces without breaking. It’s usually lower than compressive strength and varies greatly depending on the type of rock.
6. **Shear Strength**: The resistance of the rock to sliding along internal planes. It’s important in engineering for stability analysis of slopes and foundations.
7. **Weathering Resistance**: The rock’s ability to withstand weathering processes such as freeze-thaw cycles, chemical dissolution, and abrasion.
8. **Abrasion Resistance**: The resistance of the rock to wearing away due to frictional forces.
9. **Elasticity**: The ability of the rock to deform reversibly under stress and return to its original shape when the stress is removed.
10. **Anisotropy**: Some rocks exhibit different properties depending on the direction of measurement due to their layered or foliated structure.
Understanding these properties is crucial in various fields such as civil engineering, geology, mining, and construction, as they dictate the suitability of the rock for specific applications and the methods needed for excavation, reinforcement, and support.
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