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Khawar

“Soils Associated with Gold Deposits” 🔶By far, the best-known type of soil which may indicate the presence of gold is known as “black sand.”   Let’s know more about it   🔶 Black sands are certainly not proof of the existence of nearby gold, only ...

  1. 💠Throughout much of human history, many people have been fascinated with gold. 💠 Almost every civilization has prized this special metal. 💠The first question everyone has is “How do I find gold?” After much effort over the millenia, people have developed lots of ways to find that precious metal. 💠SoRead more

    💠Throughout much of human history, many people have been fascinated with gold.

    💠 Almost every civilization has prized this special metal.

    💠The first question everyone has is “How do I find gold?”

    After much effort over the millenia, people have developed lots of ways to find that precious metal.

    💠Sometimes, mother nature herself provides hints about where she is hiding some gold.

    💠One of these natural indicators can be found by looking at the plants and soil where you think gold might be hidden.

    Always remember that gold is rarely found in large chunks.

    💠It will either consist of tiny flakes, or as thin streaks of material within rocks.

    💠 In fact, prospectors refer to the tiny gold flakes found in river sands as “colors.”

    💠Plants Which Might Grow Near Gold

    💠The easiest and most common way of searching for gold is known as placer mining.

    💠 This refers to finding gold found away from its original underground site and moved over time.

    💠 Placer mining is most frequently done either at the bottom of streams or where streams used to flow.

    Cottonwood trees, which grow in wet areas will also grow over top of the areas where streams used to flow.

    💠Although an old stream bed may be dry on the surface, there may still be dampness underground.

    💠Even though the trees don’t necessarily indicate that gold is there, they (or any type of riparian plant for that matter) may help you to locate a placer gold source if you are in gold country.

    💠One of the plants which often grow in areas over gold deposits is the horsetail plant.

    💠Horsetail plants were often used by miners in the past as a guide to where gold might be found.

    💠 It can tolerate the existence of heavy metals in the soil, which has made people believe gold may be nearby.

    💠 Ironically, the horsetail plant also had a practical use for prospectors during the gold rush.

    💠 It was primarily used for washing pots and pans.

    💠The Desert Trumpet is another indicator that helps prospectors know where to look for gold.

    💠 They require more mineralization in the soil than most desert plants.

    💠 The red dirt the Desert Trumpet grows in is likely near heavy metals like gold.

    💠The Trumpet is most commonly found in arid parts of the American Southwest.

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Khawar

What is difference between Gold and Pyrite?

  1. This answer was edited.

    The difference between gold and pyrite: 🔥 ● Gold - Crystals form as cubes or octahedrons but are rare. The usual habits are grains, flakes, nuggets and dendritic masses. Bright yellow color is tarnish resistant. Gold is often rich in silver, when it is paler in color. The band is golden yellow. GoldRead more

    The difference between gold and pyrite: 🔥
    ● Gold – Crystals form as cubes or octahedrons but are rare. The usual habits are grains, flakes, nuggets and dendritic masses. Bright yellow color is tarnish resistant. Gold is often rich in silver, when it is paler in color. The band is golden yellow. Gold is opaque and its luster is metallic.
    Formation:
    Forms mainly in hydrothermal veins, often associated with quartz and sulphides. It also occurs in placer deposits of unconsolidated sand and in sandstone and conglomerate. It is possible to find alluvial gold in the form of grains or nuggets in stream beds. Gold panning by sieving sediments is an age-old method of searching for this rare and precious mineral. Gold can be confused with pyrite and chalcopyrite at first, but only a few tests are needed to identify it.
    TESTS Insoluble in all simple acids; soluble in aqua regia.
    Group: NATIVE ELEMENTS
    Composition: Gold
    Hardness: 2½–3
    GS: 7:30 p.m.
    Cleavage: None
    ● Pyrite – This mineral occurs as cubic, pyritohedral or octahedral crystals; pairing is common.
    The crystal faces are frequently striated. Pyrite can be massive, granular, reniform, stalactitic, botryoidal and nodular. The pale yellow color gives rise to its nickname, “fool’s gold”. It has a greenish-black stripe. Pyrite is opaque and has a metallic luster.
    Formation:
    Pyrite is a common accessory mineral in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
    TESTS Gives off sparks on impact with a hard metal object. Fuses quite easily.
    Group: SULPHIDES
    Composition: FeS₂
    Hardness: 6–6½
    OS: 5.00–5.03
    Cleavage: Indistinct
    Fracture: conchoidal to uneven

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Diya

  1. Logging While Drilling: • Logging while drilling (LWD) is an oilfield service that provides a tool within the drill string that transmits real-time formation information. The LWD tools are located near the end of the drillstring. The measurements recorded provide drilling engineers with critical welRead more

    Logging While Drilling:

    • Logging while drilling (LWD) is an oilfield service that provides a tool within the drill string that transmits real-time formation information. The LWD tools are located near the end of the drillstring. The measurements recorded provide drilling engineers with critical well information so they may make time sensitive decisions about future well operations.

    • LWD is the most effective tool for measuring physical properties, where standard wireline systems previously acquired either no data or poor-quality data. LWD acquires a continuous log of physical properties from directly above the drill bit, where hole conditions are optimal for logging.

    • LWD measurement ensures that some measurement of the subsurface is captured in the event that wireline operations are not possible. Timely LWD data can also be
    used to guide well placement so that the wellbore remains within the zone of interest which is called as Geosteering.

    • LWD tools consists of Gamma Ray Log, Resistivity log, Neutron porosity and density porosity logs which tells us whether the zone is shaly or non shaly, whether the
    zone consists of hydrocarbon or water and tells how porous the zone is.

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Khawar

How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed? How igneous rocks formed?

  1. Intrusive Rocks   Igneous rocks which form by the crystallization of magma at a depth within the Earth are called intrusive rocks. Intrusive rocks are characterized by large crystal sizes, i.e., their visual appearance shows individual crystals interlocked together to form the rock mass. The coRead more

    Intrusive Rocks

     

    Igneous rocks which form by the crystallization of magma at a depth within the Earth are called intrusive rocks. Intrusive rocks are characterized by large crystal sizes, i.e., their visual appearance shows individual crystals interlocked together to form the rock mass. The cooling of magma deep in the Earth is typically much slower than the cooling process at the surface, so larger crystals can grow. Rocks with visible crystals of roughly the same size are said to have a phaneritic texture.

     

    A body of intrusive igneous rock that crystallizes from cooling magmas beneath the Earth’s surface is called a “pluton”. If the pluton is large, it may be called a batholith or a stock. Minor plutons include dikes and sills. If a penetrating intrusion cuts across the geological layers it is called a dike. If it runs parallel to the layers, it is called a sill. If an intrusion causes the rocks above to rise and form a dome, it is called a laccolith.

     

    Extrusive Rocks

     

    Igneous rocks which form by the crystallization of magma at the surface of the Earth are called extrusive rocks. They are characterized by fine-grained textures because their rapid cooling at or near the surface did not provide enough time for large crystals to grow. Rocks with this fine-grained texture are called aphanitic rocks. The most common extrusive rock is basalt.

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GeologyHub

  1. Mountains play several roles in stabilizing the Earth's geological and environmental systems, although they do not directly stabilize the planet in the way that, for example, Earth's magnetic field protects against solar radiation. Instead, mountains contribute to the planet's overall stability andRead more

    Mountains play several roles in stabilizing the Earth’s geological and environmental systems, although they do not directly stabilize the planet in the way that, for example, Earth’s magnetic field protects against solar radiation. Instead, mountains contribute to the planet’s overall stability and have various impacts on Earth’s processes. Here are some ways mountains help stabilize the Earth:

     

    1. **Tectonic Plate Interactions:** Mountains often form at convergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates collide. This collision helps dissipate the energy of plate movement, reducing the likelihood of catastrophic events like large earthquakes or massive subduction-related tsunamis. Mountains act as “pressure relief valves” for the Earth’s dynamic tectonic system.

     

    2. **Erosion Control:** Mountains intercept and influence weather patterns, resulting in higher rainfall on their windward sides (orographic precipitation) and drier conditions on their leeward sides (rain shadow effect). This influences the distribution of moisture and helps regulate water cycles, preventing excessive erosion in some areas and promoting it in others.

     

    3. **Climate Regulation:** Mountains can affect climate by influencing temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation patterns. They contribute to regional climate diversity, creating microclimates and influencing weather systems. This variability can be critical for biodiversity and ecological stability.

     

    4. **Water Reservoirs:** Many rivers originate in mountainous regions. Mountains store water as snow and ice, releasing it gradually as snowmelt and rainwater, which sustains downstream ecosystems, agricultural regions, and human populations. This regulated release helps prevent flooding and provides a consistent water supply.

     

    5. **Habitat Diversity:** Mountainous areas are often biodiversity hotspots with diverse ecosystems due to their varied topography and climate zones. This biodiversity contributes to ecological stability by providing niches for many species.

     

    6. **Carbon Storage:** Mountain forests and soils can store significant amounts of carbon, contributing to carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. These ecosystems help stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

     

    7. **Geological Time Scale Stability:** Over geological time scales, mountains contribute to the long-term stability of Earth’s crust. They act as “sinks” for sediment eroded from other areas, helping to maintain a dynamic equilibrium in the Earth’s surface processes.

     

    It’s important to note that while mountains contribute to stability at various scales, they are also subject to change and dynamic processes. Mountain-building and erosion continue to shape landscapes and influence geological and environmental systems. Therefore, mountains are both products of and contributors to the dynamic nature of the Earth.

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Diya

  1. The difference between crystalline and amorphous Crystalline solids are solids that are composed of a repeating, ordered arrangement of atoms or molecules. These solids have a regular, three-dimensional structure that is repeated throughout the solid, resulting in a highly ordered and predictable arRead more

    The difference between crystalline and amorphous

    Crystalline solids are solids that are composed of a repeating, ordered arrangement of atoms or molecules. These solids have a regular, three-dimensional structure that is repeated throughout the solid, resulting in a highly ordered and predictable arrangement of the atoms or molecules. Crystalline solids are typically hard, strong, and have a high melting point. Examples of crystalline solids include metals, minerals, and some types of plastics.

    Amorphous solids, on the other hand, do not have a repeating, ordered arrangement of atoms or molecules. These solids are characterized by a disordered, random arrangement of atoms or molecules, resulting in a less predictable structure. Amorphous solids are typically softer and more flexible than crystalline solids, and have a lower melting point. Examples of amorphous solids include glass, rubber, and some types of plastics.

    One way to distinguish between crystalline and amorphous solids is through their physical properties. Crystalline solids typically have a higher melting point, are harder and stronger, and have a more ordered structure than amorphous solids. Additionally, crystalline solids often have a distinctive, repeating pattern when viewed under a microscope or through X-ray diffraction techniques. Amorphous solids, on the other hand, do not have a repeating pattern and tend to be softer and more flexible.

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Khawar

What is difference between basalt and granite?

  1. Differences between basalt and granite Although there are some similarities between basalt and granite, there are also significant differences between these two rock types.   Basalt is volcanic, or extrusive, forming at the surface, while granite is plutonic, or intrusive, forming beneath the sRead more

    Differences between basalt and granite

    Although there are some similarities between basalt and granite, there are also significant differences between these two rock types.

     

    Basalt is volcanic, or extrusive, forming at the surface, while granite is plutonic, or intrusive, forming beneath the surface.

    Basalt is mafic while granite is felsic

    Basalt is common on both Earth and other Solar System bodies such as the Moon and Mars while granite is only common on Earth and rare elsewhere in the Solar System

    Basalt can form in a few days to months, whereas granite plutons can take millions of years to cool and harden.

    Basalt is more common in oceanic crust while granite is more common in continental crust.

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Khawar

How are basalt and granite formed

  1. This answer was edited.

    Basalt and granite are two different types of rocks that are formed through different geological processes. Basalt is a dark-colored volcanic rock that is formed from the solidification of lava flows. When molten lava erupts from a volcano and flows over the surface of the earth, it cools and solidiRead more

    Basalt and granite are two different types of rocks that are formed through different geological processes.

    Basalt is a dark-colored volcanic rock that is formed from the solidification of lava flows. When molten lava erupts from a volcano and flows over the surface of the earth, it cools and solidifies quickly, forming a fine-grained rock with a dense, uniform texture. Basalt can also be formed from magma that cools underground and solidifies to form intrusive rocks.

    Granite, on the other hand, is an igneous rock that is formed from the slow cooling and solidification of magma beneath the earth’s surface. This process can take millions of years and allows for the formation of large crystals within the rock. Granite is typically composed of a mixture of minerals, including quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblende, and can have a wide range of colors and patterns.

    Both basalt and granite are important rocks that have many uses, including construction materials, decorative stones, and as a source of mineral resources.

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Khawar

geology, the fields of study concerned with the solid Earth. Included are sciences such as mineralogy, geodesy, and stratigraphy. An introduction to the geochemical and geophysical sciences logically begins with mineralogy, because Earth’s rocks are composed of minerals—inorganic elements or compounds ...

  1. Geology is the study of the earth (geo means earth, and ology means study of). This is a very simple definition for something so complex. Geology involves studying the materials that make up the earth, the features and structures found on Earth as well as the processes that act upon them. Geology alRead more

    Geology is the study of the earth (geo means earth, and ology means study of). This is a very simple definition for something so complex. Geology involves studying the materials that make up the earth, the features and structures found on Earth as well as the processes that act upon them. Geology also deals with the study of the history of all life that’s ever lived on or is living on the earth now. Studying how life and our planet have changed over time is an important part of geology.

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GeologyHub

  1. Iron pyrite is commonly called “fool’s gold” because it looks like real gold, but it is not valuable. both fool’s gold and real gold may be found in the same area, but they have different properties. why would it be important for a miner to know about the properties of real gold and fool’s gold? ItRead more

    Iron pyrite is commonly called “fool’s gold” because it looks like real gold, but it is not valuable. both fool’s gold and real gold may be found in the same area, but they have different properties. why would it be important for a miner to know about the properties of real gold and fool’s gold?

    It is important for a miner to know about the properties of real gold and fool’s gold because they have different values and uses. Fool’s gold, also known as iron pyrite, has a metallic luster and a brassy yellow color similar to that of real gold, which can lead inexperienced miners to mistake it for genuine gold. However, fool’s gold is a mineral that contains iron sulfide and has no real value or use as a precious metal.

    Real gold, on the other hand, has unique physical and chemical properties that make it valuable and sought after. Gold is a dense, soft, and malleable metal that is resistant to corrosion and oxidation, making it useful in a variety of applications such as jewelry, electronics, and medicine.

    Knowing the properties of real gold and fool’s gold is critical for miners to accurately identify and extract the valuable metal from the surrounding rock and minerals. Mistaking fool’s gold for real gold can lead to significant losses in time, resources, and revenue for the miner or mining company.

    Furthermore, it is important for miners to know the difference between the two because fool’s gold can often be found in the same areas as real gold, but it may not be a good indicator of the presence of actual gold. Therefore, understanding the differences between these minerals can help miners determine the true value of the deposits they are working with, and ultimately make more informed decisions about their mining operations.

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GeologyHub

  1. ⚒️🔥 Volcanic materials 🔥⚒️ When volcanoes erupt, solid rock debris, molten materials (magma) and gases come out. ♦️️ rock debris: As a result of volcanic eruptions, solid rock debris of various types and sizes usually emerges in the initial period of a volcanic eruption. The rock debris is derived fRead more

    ⚒️🔥 Volcanic materials 🔥⚒️

    When volcanoes erupt, solid rock debris, molten materials (magma) and gases come out.

    ♦️️ rock debris:
    As a result of volcanic eruptions, solid rock debris of various types and sizes usually emerges in the initial period of a volcanic eruption. The rock debris is derived from the hardened crust that is extracted from the walls of the neck as a result of the strong and violent push of lava and gaseous materials emanating from magma. Rock debris is composed of materials of different sizes, including rock blocks, shells and embers, sand and volcanic dust.

    ♦️️ Gases:
    Water vapor gases emerge from volcanoes during their activity, and it emanates in great quantities, forming huge clouds in which dust and other gases mix with it. These vapors condense, causing heavy rains to fall in the vicinity of the volcano. The explosions and rain are accompanied by the occurrence of electric lights that arise from the friction of volcanic ash granules with each other and as a result of air disturbances, except for the extremely hot water fumes, the volcano emits multiple gases, the most important of which are hydrogen, chlorine, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, carbon compounds and oxygen.

    ♦️️ Lava:
    They are liquid masses ejected by volcanoes, with a temperature between 800°C and 1200°C. The lava emanates from the crater of the volcano, as well as through the cracks and fractures in the sides of the volcanic cone, those fractures that are created by the explosions and the pressure of the magma masses.
    Light lava:
    This is characterized by the bone of its viscosity, and therefore it is slow flowing, like the lava that emanated from the Pelly volcano (in the Martinique Islands in the Caribbean) in 1902. It was so thick and sticky that it was unable to move, and it began to accumulate and rise, forming a tower above the crater, with a height of about 300 meters. Then, soon after that, it was broken and shattered as a result of the explosions caused by the exit of gases.
    ⚒ Dark heavy lava:
    It is basaltic lava, and it is characterized by being highly liquid and mobile, and it flows in the form of streams on the slopes of the volcano, and when this lava emerges through large fractures, it spreads over huge areas forming spacious plateaus, such as the Abyssinian Plateau and the Deccan Plateau in India and the Columbia Plateau in North America.

    🔥️ Volcanic materials

    🔹️Volcanic Solids:
    The parts that make up volcanic rocks are:
    ⚒Volcanic ejecta:
    It is a frozen magma and lava ejected to the surface.
    ⚒ Pumice rock:
    It is a silicate foam that is evaporated by gases.
    ⚒Volcanic ash:
    It results from the fragmentation and scattering of the frozen magma summit in the neck of the volcano under the influence of pressure and steam, and it hardens quickly.

    🔹️Liquid volcanic materials magma and lava (lava):
    It consists of liquid materials from the lava that flows burning from the crater to great distances sometimes, and the extent of lava liquidity is subject to several factors. Such as the slope of the earth, the nature of magma and lava (viscous or fluid) and the viscosity ratio depends on the percentage of silica, and on the strength of the volcano

    Gaseous volcanic materials:
    Among the most important gases emitted from volcanoes are:
    ⚒ water vapor
    ⚒ Hydrocarbon compounds
    ⚒ sulfur dioxide

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Khawar

What is auger mining?

  1. Auger mining is a surface mining technique used to recover additional coal from a seam located behind a highwall produced either by excavation or previously mined areas. An auger is a drilling device that consists of a rotating helical screw blade called a "flighting" that is used to move granular mRead more

    Auger mining is a surface mining technique used to recover additional coal from a seam located behind a highwall produced either by excavation or previously mined areas. An auger is a drilling device that consists of a rotating helical screw blade called a “flighting” that is used to move granular material, such as coal, from the highwall back to the entrance of the mine.

     

    The auger is mounted on a rig that is capable of moving horizontally along the highwall, and it is equipped with a cutting head that bores into the coal seam as the auger rotates. As the auger advances, the coal is broken up and carried back to the entrance of the mine by the flighting.

     

    Auger mining is typically used to extract coal from seams that are too thin or steep to be mined using traditional surface mining techniques, or when the coal seam is located in an area that is not suitable for surface mining due to environmental or logistical constraints. It is a relatively low-cost and low-risk mining method, and it can be used to recover coal that would otherwise be left behind during traditional surface mining operations. However, auger mining can be less efficient than other surface mining methods, as it leaves much of the coal in place and can result in lower recovery rates

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Khawar

One major difference between basaltic and granitic magma is their specific mineral contents. Basaltic magma contains between 45 and 55 percent silicon dioxide and is high in magnesium, iron and calcium, while granitic magma contains between 65 and 75 percent ...

  1. Granitic magma has high levels of potassium and sodium, while basaltic magma has very low levels of these minerals. When magmas are judged by mineral composition like this, they are technically referred to as felsic, which is granitic, and mafic, which is basaltic. Another major difference between tRead more

    Granitic magma has high levels of potassium and sodium, while basaltic magma has very low levels of these minerals. When magmas are judged by mineral composition like this, they are technically referred to as felsic, which is granitic, and mafic, which is basaltic.

    Another major difference between these two types of magmas is the temperature that each needs in order to stay liquid. Felsic magmas are normally between 650 and 800 degrees Celsius, whereas mafic magmas are between 1,000 and 1,200 degrees. This is because the mafic minerals melt at much higher temperatures than potassium and sodium, the felsic minerals. Due in part to the lower temperature, felsic magma is much more viscous than mafic magma, meaning it is much thicker and more resistant to flowing.

    Although basaltic magma can result in basaltic rocks and granitic magma can result in granitic rocks, they can also form other rocks depending on how quickly the magma cools. Granite is formed by the slow cooling of magma within the surface of the earth, while basalt is formed when magma quickly cools after breaching the earth’s surface through volcanic activity.

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Khawar

What is room and pillar mining?

  1. Room and pillar mining is a method of underground mining that involves excavating a network of rooms, or "stopes," separated by pillars of uncrushed rock. The pillars are left in place to support the roof of the mine and prevent it from collapsing. In room and pillar mining, the ore is extracted byRead more

    Room and pillar mining is a method of underground mining that involves excavating a network of rooms, or “stopes,” separated by pillars of uncrushed rock. The pillars are left in place to support the roof of the mine and prevent it from collapsing.

    In room and pillar mining, the ore is extracted by creating a series of rooms, or stopes, connected by horizontal or slightly inclined tunnels. The ore is extracted from the stopes, and the pillars are left in place to support the roof of the mine. This method is used to extract coal, as well as other minerals such as salt, gypsum, and potash.

    Room and pillar mining is typically used for relatively shallow deposits, and it is a good choice when the ore body is relatively flat and horizontal. It is also a good method to use when the ore body is too small to justify the construction of a longwall mining system.

    The main disadvantage of room and pillar mining is that it can be less efficient than other methods, such as longwall mining, because it leaves a significant portion of the ore body untouched. This means that more rock must be moved in order to extract a given amount of ore, which can be more time-consuming and expensive

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GeologyHub

  1. Dolerite is a type of volcanic rock that is commonly coarse-grained, dark-colored, and intermediate in composition between basalt and gabbro. It is also known as diabase in some regions. Dolerite is composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and sometimes olivine, and is often associated witRead more

    Dolerite is a type of volcanic rock that is commonly coarse-grained, dark-colored, and intermediate in composition between basalt and gabbro. It is also known as diabase in some regions. Dolerite is composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and sometimes olivine, and is often associated with other volcanic rocks such as basalt and rhyolite. It is commonly found in sills, dikes, and other intrusions, and is also occasionally found in volcanic plugs and lava flows. Dolerite is widely distributed around the world and has a variety of uses in construction, road building, and as a decorative stone.

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Khawar

what is geology? What is the study of geology? What is tje meaning of geology? What is the Defination of geology?

  1. Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its structure, properties, processes, and the history of life on Earth. It includes the study of rocks, minerals, and the forces that have shaped the planet, as well as the study of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere. Geologists use a varietyRead more

    Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its structure, properties, processes, and the history of life on Earth. It includes the study of rocks, minerals, and the forces that have shaped the planet, as well as the study of the Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere. Geologists use a variety of techniques, including fieldwork, laboratory analysis, and remote sensing, to investigate the Earth’s materials and structures, and to understand the processes that have shaped our planet over time.

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Khawar

What is placer deposit? How placer deposits are formed

  1. ⚒️ Placer deposit ⚒️ 💠 Placer deposit, natural concentration of heavy minerals caused by the effect of gravity on moving particles. 💠 When heavy, stable minerals are freed from their matrix by weathering processes, they are slowly washed downslope into streams that quickly winnow the lighter matrix.Read more

    ⚒️ Placer deposit ⚒️

    💠 Placer deposit, natural concentration of heavy minerals caused by the effect of gravity on moving particles.

    💠 When heavy, stable minerals are freed from their matrix by weathering processes, they are slowly washed downslope into streams that quickly winnow the lighter matrix.

    💠Thus the heavy minerals become concentrated in stream, beach, and lag (residual) gravels and constitute workable ore deposits.

    💠 Minerals that form placer deposits have high specific gravity, are chemically resistant to weathering, and are durable; such minerals include gold, platinum, cassiterite, magnetite, chromite, ilmenite, rutile, native copper, zircon, monazite, and various gemstones.

    💠 There are several varieties of placer deposits: stream, or alluvial, placers; eluvial placers; beach placers; and eolian placers.

    💠 Stream placers, by far the most important, have yielded the most placer gold, cassiterite, platinum, and gemstones.

    💠 Primitive mining probably began with such deposits, and their ease of mining and sometime great richness have made them the cause of some of the world’s greatest gold and diamond “rushes.” Stream placers depend on swiftly flowing water for their concentration.

    💠 Because the ability to transport solid material varies approximately as the square of the velocity, the flow rate plays an important part; thus, where the velocity decreases, heavy minerals are deposited much more quickly than the light ones.

    💠 Examples of stream placers include the rich gold deposits of Alaska and the Klondike, the platinum placers of the Urals, the tin (cassiterite) deposits of Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia, and the diamond placers of Congo (Kinshasa) and Angola.

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Khawar

⚒ BASIC CONCEPTS OF DRILLING ⚒   🔷 The most effective, and hence most usually adopted, method of destruction of an the object is by blasting.   🔷 This method invariably aims at breaking the object into several small pieces.   🔷 Explosives are used for ...

  1. The basic concept of drilling is the process of creating a hole in the ground or in a solid material using a drilling rig and various types of drill bits. Drilling rigs are used in a variety of applications, including oil and gas exploration, mineral exploration, geotechnical engineering, and constrRead more

    The basic concept of drilling is the process of creating a hole in the ground or in a solid material using a drilling rig and various types of drill bits. Drilling rigs are used in a variety of applications, including oil and gas exploration, mineral exploration, geotechnical engineering, and construction.

    In the most basic sense, drilling involves using a drilling rig to apply rotational and downward force to a drill bit, which cuts into the ground or material being drilled. The drill bit is typically made of a hard, wear-resistant material, such as tungsten carbide or diamond, and it is attached to a drill stem, which is connected to the drilling rig. As the drill bit rotates, it cuts into the ground or material, creating a hole.

    There are many different types of drilling rigs and drill bits that are used for different applications and in different materials. For example, rotary drilling rigs are commonly used to drill holes for oil and gas exploration, while top head drive rigs are used for geotechnical and environmental drilling. There are also specialized drilling techniques, such as directional drilling and horizontal drilling, that are used to create holes that are not straight down.

    Drilling can be a complex and challenging process, and it requires specialized knowledge and equipment to be done safely and effectively. It is an important tool in many industries, as it allows for the exploration and extraction of natural resources, the construction of infrastructure, and the gathering of data for various purposes

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Geology 101

Geology 101 is the study of the Earth and its materials, structures, processes, and history. It is a broad field that encompasses many different disciplines, including mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and geophysics. Geologists study the Earth’s physical features, including its rocks, ...

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Geology Forum for Geologists

Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides (VMS) Deposit [Depositional Environment & Mining ]

What is VMS? Assemblages of mostly sulfide minerals that develop on the seafloor at locations of concentrated hydrothermal discharge, relates to a kind of ore deposit that’s mined from existing oceanic crust formed underwater are Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides (VMS) Deposit. ...

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Geology Forum for Geologists

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Geology Forum for Geologists

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Geology Forum for Geologists

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Geology Forum for Geologists

Mohs Hardness scale

Mohs hardness scale The Mohs hardness scale is a qualitative scale used to measure the scratch resistance of various minerals or materials. It was developed by Friedrich Mohs, a German mineralogist, in 1812. The scale ranges from 1 to 10, ...

What is Cinnabar

✳️Cinnabar is a toxic mercury sulfide mineral with a chemical composition of HgS. 🔷It is the only important ore of mercury. It has a bright red color that has caused people to use it as a pigment, and carve it ...

What is Geology? Defination, Importance, Branches and Facts

What is geology definition? Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its rocks, minerals, and the processes that shape it. It is a branch of Earth science that focuses on understanding the Earth’s history, structure, and the processes that ...

What is the Role of Geologists in Tunneling

When we think about tunneling, we often picture massive machines and skilled laborers hard at work underground. While these elements are undoubtedly essential, there’s an unsung hero behind every successful tunneling project: the geologist. In this article, we’ll explore the ...

Andesite

Andesite: A Comprehensive Guide Andesite, derived from the Andes Mountains in South America, is an igneous rock that holds a significant place in the geological world. Its composition, formation, and various uses make it a fascinating subject for study. In ...

Bauxite

What the meaning of Bauxite ? Bauxite is the most important aluminum ore. This type of rock consists mainly of the minerals gypsite Al(OH)3, bohemite γ-AlO(OH), anddiaspore α-AlO(OH) in a mixture that usually includes iron oxide goethite,hematite,the clay mineral kaolin, ...

What tools do Geologists use?

Geologists use a wide range of tools and techniques to study the Earth’s physical properties, composition, and structure. Some of the most common tools used by geologists include: Geologists use a variety of specialized tools and equipment to study and ...

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