Geology Mcqs with Answers

Geology is the study of the composition of the Earth’s surface and under it and the events that have shaped it. It also includes methods for determining the absolute and relative ages of rocks discovered in a certain place and describing the rock’s history. Geologists may document the geologic Earth’s history and show the age of rocks by combining these technologies. Plates’ continental drift, the long evolution of species, and the Earth’s previous temperatures are all supported by geology.

#1. If a shale is metamorphosed, the following rock types develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Blueschist : greenschist : amphibolite cooler → hotter

Blueschist : greenschist : amphibolite cooler → hotter

Slate : phyllite : schist : gneiss cooler → hotter

Slate : phyllite : schist : gneiss cooler → hotter

Lapilli : lahar :tuff : ignimbrite cooler → hotter

Lapilli : lahar :tuff : ignimbrite cooler → hotter

Gneiss : schist : phyllite : slate cooler → hotter

Gneiss : schist : phyllite : slate cooler → hotter

#2. A rock with a well-developed foliation

Most commonly forms in contact metamorphic environments.

Most commonly forms in contact metamorphic environments.

Is made up primarily of quartz

Is made up primarily of quartz

Has platty mineral grains (like micas) aligned parallel to each other, causing the rock to break into flat slabs

Has platty mineral grains (like micas) aligned parallel to each other, causing the rock to break into flat slabs

Is most likely to form in response to falling temperature and pressure.

Is most likely to form in response to falling temperature and pressure.

#3. The best plate-tectonic environment for making blueschists (high pressure, lower temperature) metamorphic rocks is

Subduction zones

Subduction zones

Hot spots.

Hot spots.

Mid-ocean ridges

Mid-ocean ridges

Himalayan-type orogens.

Himalayan-type orogens.

#4. Frost wedging, root wedging, and salt wedging are all examples of

Deposition

Deposition

Chemical weathering

Chemical weathering

Erosion

Erosion

Physical weathering

Physical weathering

#5. Seafloor metamorphism

Occurs when seawater reacts with hot seafloor rocks.

Occurs when seawater reacts with hot seafloor rocks.

All options

All options

occurs mainly at or near mid-ocean ridges and transform faults

occurs mainly at or near mid-ocean ridges and transform faults

Generates metamorphic rocks that usually lack foliation.

Generates metamorphic rocks that usually lack foliation.

#6. It is unusual for ____________ to carry grains larger than sand.

Wind

Wind

Water

Water

ice

ice

#7. One of the main differences between a gneiss and a schist is that

Gneisses are generally older than schists

Gneisses are generally older than schists

Gneisses form from sedimentary rocks and schists form from igneous rocks.

Gneisses form from sedimentary rocks and schists form from igneous rocks.

Gneisses form in subduction zones and schists form in batholiths.

Gneisses form in subduction zones and schists form in batholiths.

Gneisses have more feldspar and less mica than schists

Gneisses have more feldspar and less mica than schists

#8. The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

Erosion

Erosion

Weathering

Weathering

Sedimentation

Sedimentation

Deposition

Deposition

#9. Ash, cinders, and blocks are all types of

Volcanoes

Volcanoes

Pele's hair

Pele's hair

Lava flows

Lava flows

Volcanoclastic debris

Volcanoclastic debris

#10. You have discovered an outcrop of mica schist, and you know that this is a metamorphic rock. Which of the following rocks could have been metamorphosed to form this mica schist?

Ignimbrite

Ignimbrite

Limestone

Limestone

Basalt

Basalt

Shale

Shale

#11. Contact metamorphism would occur when

Sediments on a subducting slab are heated and deformed.

Sediments on a subducting slab are heated and deformed.

Magma is emplaced adjacent to relatively cool sedimentary rocks.

Magma is emplaced adjacent to relatively cool sedimentary rocks.

Basalt is erupted under seawater

Basalt is erupted under seawater

Magma is emplaced into very deeply buried and already-hot igneous rocks

Magma is emplaced into very deeply buried and already-hot igneous rocks

#12. If water is the transport medium of sediment, the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the

Velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom

Velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom

average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition

average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition

Geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop

Geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop

#13. Spheroidal weathering occurs when

Chemical weathering works at a uniform rate throughout the rock

Chemical weathering works at a uniform rate throughout the rock

Physical weathering predominates and there is little chemical weathering

Physical weathering predominates and there is little chemical weathering

Physical weathering breaks boulders directly into spherical cobbles and pebbles

Physical weathering breaks boulders directly into spherical cobbles and pebbles

Chemical weathering attacks corners and edges of rock more rapidly than its interior

Chemical weathering attacks corners and edges of rock more rapidly than its interior

#14. Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

Subduction of an oceanic plate underneath the continental Eurasian Plate

Subduction of an oceanic plate underneath the continental Eurasian Plate

A submarine hot-spot located along a mid-ocean ridge

A submarine hot-spot located along a mid-ocean ridge

Normal mid-ocean ridge activity

Normal mid-ocean ridge activity

A submarine hot-spot located within the interior of a plate

A submarine hot-spot located within the interior of a plate

#15. Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments, fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to

Be well sorted

Be well sorted

Have angular grains

Have angular grains

Include fine grains, such as clay

Include fine grains, such as clay

Include coarse grains, such as cobbles

Include coarse grains, such as cobbles

#16. Caliche is most commonly found in which type of environments?

Deserts

Deserts

Tropical rain forests

Tropical rain forests

Temperate forests

Temperate forests

Grasslands

Grasslands

#17. Laterite soils are most commonly found in which type of environments?

Deserts

Deserts

Grasslands

Grasslands

Tropical rain forests

Tropical rain forests

Temperate forests

Temperate forests

#18. Volcanic Bombs are

Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

Pyroclastic blocks that acquire aerodynamic shapes during flight out of the volcanic vent

Pyroclastic blocks that acquire aerodynamic shapes during flight out of the volcanic vent

Explosive bodies of lava with high volatile content

Explosive bodies of lava with high volatile content

Cinders that explode upon impact with the ground

Cinders that explode upon impact with the ground

#19. The word "metamorphism" literally refers to

Change in the chemical composition of a rock.

Change in the chemical composition of a rock.

Moving toward the middle

Moving toward the middle

A concept in existential philosophy

A concept in existential philosophy

Change

Change

#20. The difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate

Is finer grained than breccia

Is finer grained than breccia

Is coarser grained than breccia

Is coarser grained than breccia

Possesses more angular grains than breccia

Possesses more angular grains than breccia

Possesses more rounded grains than breccia

Possesses more rounded grains than breccia

#21. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydration are all examples of

Chemical weathering

Chemical weathering

Erosion

Erosion

Physical weathering

Physical weathering

Deposition

Deposition

#22. If a basalt is metamorphosed, the following rock types could develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Greenschist : amphibolite

Greenschist : amphibolite

Marble : greenschist : quartzite

Marble : greenschist : quartzite

Amphibolite : greenschist : blueschist

Amphibolite : greenschist : blueschist

Granite : gabbro : phyllite

Granite : gabbro : phyllite

#23. When rocks are metamorphosed,

They always melt and then recrystallize upon cooling.

They always melt and then recrystallize upon cooling.

They always turn green, which is why they are called greenschists.

They always turn green, which is why they are called greenschists.

They always develop a strong foliation

They always develop a strong foliation

The original minerals are recrystallized in the solid state, and they are sometimes replaced by a new set of minerals

The original minerals are recrystallized in the solid state, and they are sometimes replaced by a new set of minerals

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