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What is VMS? Assemblages of mostly sulfide minerals that develop on the seafloor at locations of concentrated hydrothermal discharge, relates to a kind of ore deposit that’s mined from existing oceanic crust formed underwater are Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides (VMS) Deposit. ...
Geology 101 is the study of the Earth and its materials, structures, processes, and history. It is a broad field that encompasses many different disciplines, including mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, and geophysics. Geologists study the Earth’s physical features, including its rocks, ...
Bowen’s series reaction is a model that describes the crystallization of minerals from a magma. It was developed by the American petrologist Norman L. Bowen in the early 1900s. According to the Bowen’s series reaction, minerals crystallize from a cooling ...
Lithification is the complex process by which loose sediment grains become compacted and transformed into solid rock[1]. This process may occur at the time of sediment deposition or later[1]. The main processes involved in lithification are compaction and cementation[1][2]. Compaction ...
An ophiolite is a section of oceanic crust and upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level due to tectonic processes. Ophiolites are important geological features because they provide a window into the Earth’s interior and allow ...
Hydrology is the scientific study of water in the Earth’s atmosphere, on and below the surface, and in the soil. It encompasses the movement, distribution, and quality of water across various reservoirs, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, glaciers, and the ...
Sulfur is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is a non-metal and belongs to the group of chalcogens. Sulfur is an essential element for life and is commonly found in proteins and other biomolecules. ...
Rocks are the building blocks of the Earth’s crust and are fundamental to the field of geology. They provide a window into our planet’s history, revealing clues about its formation, changes over time, and the processes that have shaped it. ...
Marine and petroleum geology is a field of study that focuses on the exploration and understanding of Earth’s subsurface, particularly in relation to the formation, accumulation, and extraction of petroleum resources in marine environments. This interdisciplinary field combines aspects of ...
The difference between mineral, metal and ores Many people confuse three completely different classes of substances (minerals, ores, and metals), so that metal becomes a mineral, and all minerals become ores. Minerals Minerals are inorganic solids (elements or compounds) that ...
All of the important processes of metamorphism that we are familiar with can be directly related to geological processes caused by plate tectonics. The relationships between plate tectonics and metamorphism are summarized in Figure. Most regional metamorphism takes place within continental ...
A gradational contact, also known as a gradational boundary or transition zone, refers to a geological boundary between two rock formations or units where there is a gradual change in lithology, texture, or other geological characteristics over a relatively short distance. Unlike sharp contacts wherRead more
A gradational contact, also known as a gradational boundary or transition zone, refers to a geological boundary between two rock formations or units where there is a gradual change in lithology, texture, or other geological characteristics over a relatively short distance. Unlike sharp contacts where distinct differences are abrupt, gradational contacts involve a more gradual transition, making it challenging to pinpoint an exact boundary between the two units.
In a gradational contact, the rocks on either side of the boundary exhibit intermediate characteristics that blend together, rather than abruptly changing from one type to another. This can occur due to various geological processes such as depositional changes, diagenesis, or metamorphism that create a gradual shift in the properties of the rock. As a result, the transition zone can cover several meters to hundreds of meters, depending on the specific geological context.
Studying gradational contacts is important for understanding the complex geological history of an area and deciphering the processes that led to the gradual changes observed. Geologists analyze the mineralogical, sedimentological, and structural changes within the transition zone to infer the conditions and events that occurred during the formation of the rocks.
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