Geology

Unveiling the Enigmas of the Earth’s Crust: Composition, Structure, Evolution, Significance, and Impact on Geology, Natural Hazards, Resources, and Climate Change. Introduction: The Earth’s crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and is the thinnest of the Earth’s three main layers, which include the mantle and the core. The ...

There are several sampling techniques used in mineral exploration and mining, depending on the nature and characteristics of the deposit. Some of the most common techniques include: Ultimately, the choice of sampling technique will depend on the specific objectives of the exploration or mining project, as well as the characteristics ...

Earth science or geoscience 地球科学 is a broad field of study that encompasses various scientific disciplines related to the Earth and its processes. It includes the study of the Earth’s composition, structure, processes, and interactions with its atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Earth science can be divided into several major branches, ...

In engineering and geology, a fault is a fracture or discontinuity in the Earth’s crust where movement or displacement has occurred. Types of faults Causes of Fault The causes of faults are diverse and depend on the type of fault. Tectonic plate movements are the primary cause of faults. Other ...

A landslide is a geological phenomenon that occurs when soil, rocks, and debris suddenly move down a slope due to various factors such as gravity, erosion, seismic activity, or human activity. Landslides can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and can also result in loss of life. What are the ...

Rock Quality Designation (RQD) is a measure used in geotechnical engineering to assess the quality of rock core samples. It is calculated by measuring the length of intact pieces of rock in a core sample that are longer than 10 cm. RQD stands for “Rock Quality Designation,” and it is ...