Definition Mafic Rocks: The term “mafic” is derived from “magnesium” and “ferric” (iron), reflecting the high concentrations of these elements in mafic rocks. Mafic rocks are rich in ferromagnesian minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. They contain a lower percentage of silica (45-55%), which contributes to their characteristic ...
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Atterberg Limits: Essential Metrics for Soil Classification and Engineering
Introduction Atterberg Limits are crucial parameters in geotechnical engineering and soil science that characterize the physical state and behavior of fine-grained soils, particularly clays. Developed by Swedish chemist Albert Atterberg in the early 20th century, these limits provide insight into how soil behaves under varying moisture conditions. Understanding Atterberg Limits ...
Cone Penetration Test (CPT)
The Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is a widely used in-situ testing method in geotechnical engineering for determining the geotechnical properties of soils. The CPT provides continuous or semi-continuous data on soil stratigraphy and properties such as soil type, relative density, shear strength, and other parameters relevant to foundation design and ...
Piping Effect in Geotechnical Engineering
Introduction Piping is a phenomenon in geotechnical engineering where subsurface erosion occurs, leading to the formation of channels or pipes within soil. This can result in significant structural failures, especially in embankments, dams, and levees. Understanding the causes, effects, and mitigation strategies for piping is crucial for ensuring the stability ...
Standard Penetration Test
The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is a widely used in-situ testing method to determine the geotechnical properties of subsurface soils. It is primarily used to assess the relative density, strength, and other properties of granular soils, as well as the consistency of some cohesive soils. The SPT provides a measure ...
GEOLOGY QUIZ WITH ANSWERS
The provided document contains a series of questions and answers related to geology, petrology, mineralogy, and soil science. It covers topics such as types of rocks, geological processes, elements in the Earth’s crust, and notable geological landmarks. Other subjects include historical figures in geology, notable geological events, and specific gemstones ...
Piping Effect in Geotechnical Engineering
Introduction Piping is a phenomenon in geotechnical engineering where subsurface erosion occurs, leading to the formation of channels or pipes within soil. This can result in significant structural failures, especially in embankments, dams, and levees. Understanding the causes, effects, and mitigation strategies for piping is crucial for ensuring the stability ...
Beryllium Ore
Beryllium Ore: An In-Depth Analysis Introduction Beryllium is a rare element known for its remarkable properties such as high stiffness, lightweight, and excellent thermal conductivity. Its applications span various industries including aerospace, defense, telecommunications, and medical devices. This article delves into the nature of beryllium ore, its extraction, processing, and ...
Hydrology
Hydrology is the scientific study of water in the Earth’s atmosphere, on and below the surface, and in the soil. It encompasses the movement, distribution, and quality of water across various reservoirs, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, glaciers, and the atmosphere. Understanding hydrology is crucial for managing water resources, predicting ...
Skarn Deposits
Skarn Deposits: Unraveling the Geological Marvel Skarn deposits, also known as skarns, represent a fascinating geological phenomenon formed through the interaction of hot fluids from intrusive igneous bodies with carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the various types of skarn deposits, their formation process, economic significances, notable ...