Geology Mcqs with Answers

Geology is the study of the composition of the Earth’s surface and under it and the events that have shaped it. It also includes methods for determining the absolute and relative ages of rocks discovered in a certain place and describing the rock’s history. Geologists may document the geologic Earth’s history and show the age of rocks by combining these technologies. Plates’ continental drift, the long evolution of species, and the Earth’s previous temperatures are all supported by geology.

 

#1. One of the main differences between a gneiss and a schist is that

Gneisses are generally older than schists

Gneisses have more feldspar and less mica than schists

Gneisses form from sedimentary rocks and schists form from igneous rocks.

Gneisses form in subduction zones and schists form in batholiths.

#2. Contact metamorphism would occur when

Basalt is erupted under seawater

Magma is emplaced adjacent to relatively cool sedimentary rocks.

Magma is emplaced into very deeply buried and already-hot igneous rocks

Sediments on a subducting slab are heated and deformed.

#3. When rocks are metamorphosed,

The original minerals are recrystallized in the solid state, and they are sometimes replaced by a new set of minerals

They always develop a strong foliation

They always turn green, which is why they are called greenschists.

They always melt and then recrystallize upon cooling.

#4. The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed

Weathering

Deposition

Erosion

Sedimentation

#5. The difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate

Is finer grained than breccia

Possesses more rounded grains than breccia

Is coarser grained than breccia

Possesses more angular grains than breccia

#6. The best plate-tectonic environment for making blueschists (high pressure, lower temperature) metamorphic rocks is

Subduction zones

Hot spots.

Himalayan-type orogens.

Mid-ocean ridges

#7. If water is the transport medium of sediment, the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the

Velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom

Geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop

average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition

#8. Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

A submarine hot-spot located within the interior of a plate

Normal mid-ocean ridge activity

Subduction of an oceanic plate underneath the continental Eurasian Plate

A submarine hot-spot located along a mid-ocean ridge

#9. Laterite soils are most commonly found in which type of environments?

Grasslands

Temperate forests

Tropical rain forests

Deserts

#10. Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition) is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments, fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to

Include coarse grains, such as cobbles

Be well sorted

Include fine grains, such as clay

Have angular grains

#11. A rock with a well-developed foliation

Is most likely to form in response to falling temperature and pressure.

Is made up primarily of quartz

Most commonly forms in contact metamorphic environments.

Has platty mineral grains (like micas) aligned parallel to each other, causing the rock to break into flat slabs

#12. Ash, cinders, and blocks are all types of

Volcanoclastic debris

Lava flows

Pele's hair

Volcanoes

#13. Spheroidal weathering occurs when

Chemical weathering attacks corners and edges of rock more rapidly than its interior

Chemical weathering works at a uniform rate throughout the rock

Physical weathering predominates and there is little chemical weathering

Physical weathering breaks boulders directly into spherical cobbles and pebbles

#14. Volcanic Bombs are

Explosive bodies of lava with high volatile content

Cinders that explode upon impact with the ground

Pyroclastic blocks that acquire aerodynamic shapes during flight out of the volcanic vent

Used in highly hazardous volcanoes to mitigate volcanic hazards via small controlled eruptions

#15. You have discovered an outcrop of mica schist, and you know that this is a metamorphic rock. Which of the following rocks could have been metamorphosed to form this mica schist?

Limestone

Basalt

Shale

Ignimbrite

#16. If a basalt is metamorphosed, the following rock types could develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Marble : greenschist : quartzite

Amphibolite : greenschist : blueschist

Greenschist : amphibolite

Granite : gabbro : phyllite

#17. Caliche is most commonly found in which type of environments?

Tropical rain forests

Deserts

Temperate forests

Grasslands

#18. Seafloor metamorphism

All options

occurs mainly at or near mid-ocean ridges and transform faults

Generates metamorphic rocks that usually lack foliation.

Occurs when seawater reacts with hot seafloor rocks.

#19. The word “metamorphism” literally refers to

A concept in existential philosophy

Change

Change in the chemical composition of a rock.

Moving toward the middle

#20. If a shale is metamorphosed, the following rock types develop in this order in response to increasing temperature:

Slate : phyllite : schist : gneiss cooler → hotter

Blueschist : greenschist : amphibolite cooler → hotter

Gneiss : schist : phyllite : slate cooler → hotter

Lapilli : lahar :tuff : ignimbrite cooler → hotter

#21. Frost wedging, root wedging, and salt wedging are all examples of

Chemical weathering

Deposition

Erosion

Physical weathering

#22. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and hydration are all examples of

Physical weathering

Chemical weathering

Deposition

Erosion

#23. It is unusual for ____________ to carry grains larger than sand.

Water

Wind

ice

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